PAC is basic aluminium chloride, polybasic aluminium chloride, aluminium hydroxychloride, aluminium oxychloride, and aluminium chlorohydrate. The presence of polymeric, aluminium containing cations, the distribution of which can differ greatly, typifies PAC products. Poly Aluminium Chloride (PAC) is a water soluble inorganic macromolecule polymer that is intervenient with ALCL3 and AL(OH)3. Its molecular formula is [AL2(OH)NCL6 NLm]. The m in the formula represents Polymerization and n for Neutralization. It is a type of vitreous solid with colors varying from yellow, light yellow, dark brown and heavy gray and has a strong bridgework absorbance. The basic difference between PAC and other traditional products is that the traditional ones are electropositive with small molecular and crystalloids. PAC has the structure of many hydroxyl Polymers with various different shapes. Its strengths are high speed deposition, wide range of PH value, does not cause harm to equipment, a great water purifier, clears up SS, COD, BOD, and heavy metal ions like AS with high efficiency. Poly aluminum chloride is one of the significant inorganic flocculants. The most important inorganic flocculants are currently the trivalent salts of aluminum and iron as well as activated silica. Flocculants are used to optimize the separation of the solid phase from the liquid phase in aqueous suspension. These suspensions usually consist of organic or inorganic particles, which are of finely divided to colloidal consistency and are distributed in water as a dispersing medium. With smaller particles, the suspension is more stable i.e. the lower is the tendency for the particles to agglomerate and sediment. However, addition of a flocculant drastically increases the rate of particle sedimentation so that a clear, supernatant liquid is obtained. The settled sludge can then be filtered rapidly or centrifuged, resulting in a more efficient separation. Advantages PAC reacts faster than aluminium sulphate because of its polymeric structure which allows higher coagulation efficiency. The formed flocs are bigger which means a faster sedimentation. Moreover, PAC remains effective over a wider turbidity range and even at very low temperatures. Lower quantities of residual aluminium in water (compared with the analogous value with aluminium sulphate) reducing consequently health .problems (Alzheimer).Reduced cleaning frequency of the filters (longer runs in the sand filters).PAC consumes less alkalinity than the other coagulants. In most cases, there is no need of alkalinity addition for an effective flocculation, so additional pH correction chemicals aren’t necessary. Lower doses are required for equivalent results in comparison with aluminium sulphate.PAC remains efficient over a larger pH range. Less sludge production compared to the other coagulants. ? Uses & Applications Polylaluminium chloride PAC as an alternative coagulant. Application of In Line coagulation/Ultra filtration Process in Water Treatment. Coagulation of Wastewater Containing Reactive Dyes with the Use of Polyaluminium Chloride. Dosing Aluminium Floccing Agents. Microbial counts and pesticide concentrations in drinking water after alum flocculation of channel feed water at the household level .Using Polyaluminium Coagulants in Water Treatment and stabilization of formation of clays. Market Survey PAC has good performance coagulation, with high efficiency, rapid precipitation, suitable for a wide range of advantages. PAC has been gradually replacing the traditional flocculation trend. At present, the PAC domestic demand has shown a growth trend, this PAC to expand production and development of a broad market space, coupled with the PAC’s extensive source of raw materials, the use of advanced production technology development and production of PAC’s bright future. Industries in particular generate enormous amount of wastes which can cause serious pollution in the environment. Water pollution mainly occurs due to the presence of dissolved inorganic materials, organic materials, other substances found in domestic and industrial wastewater and their subsequent products. The main objective of the wastewater treatment is to dispose the treated effluent without causing an adverse impact on the ecosystem of receiving water body and the compliance with stipulated norms and standards. Kanoria Chemicals & Industries Limited (KCI), one of the leading Indian manufacturers of chemical intermediates, announced the commissioning of its Poly Aluminium Chloride plant at the company's integrated Chlor Alkali manufacturing unit in Renukoot, Uttar Pradesh. The unit has a capacity to manufacture up to 60,000 tonnes per year of Poly Aluminium Chloride, a specialty chemical for water treatment. Few Indian Major Players are as under:- Andhra Sugars Ltd. Grasim Industries Ltd. Gujarat Alkalies & Chemicals Ltd. Kanoria Chemicals & Inds. Ltd.
